{"id":540,"date":"2018-10-26T01:04:54","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T18:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/?p=540"},"modified":"2021-11-26T10:53:26","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T03:53:26","slug":"quy-trinh-hieu-chuan-kiem-dinh-thiet-bi-do-luong-do-hieu-chuan-3d-vina-thuc-hien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/quy-trinh-hieu-chuan-kiem-dinh-thiet-bi-do-luong-do-hieu-chuan-3d-vina-thuc-hien\/","title":{"rendered":"(Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) Quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng do Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n 3D VINA th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Vietnamese<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

A \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Khi mua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o th\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0hi\u1ec7u\u00a0chu\u1ea9n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian (l\u00e3o h\u00f3a), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u0169ng v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00fac s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd\u00a0th\u00f4ng tin\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3 v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c sau khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa hay b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n tham kh\u1ea3o. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng doanh thu.<\/p>\n

C \u2013 T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh hay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

D \u2013 C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
1. D\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (Calibration Range):<\/strong><\/h5>\n

D\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a 1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hay truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i (LRV) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i (URV).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ZERO v\u00e0 SPAN. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ZERO l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i hay LRV v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i l\u00e0 SPAN hay URV. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o tr\u1ea1m c\u00e2n xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng trong kho\u1ea3ng 0-40t, khi \u0111\u00f3 LRV=0 v\u00e0 URV = 40t (10%FS = 4t). D\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 40t (Th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 4t t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb SPAN)<\/p>\n

2. Span (T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n):<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Span \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i. SPAN=URV \u2013 LRV. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00fac n\u00e3y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 0-40t. Do \u0111\u00f3 SPAN = 40-0 = 40t<\/p>\n

3. D\u1ea3i \u0111o c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o (instrument range):<\/strong><\/h5>\n

D\u1ea3i \u0111o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng : instrument range 0 \u2013 80t: output 2mV\/V. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn d\u1ea3i \u0111o c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i \u0111o hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 2 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ea3i \u0111o l\u00e0 0-80t nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n n\u00f3 \u1edf d\u1ea3i 0-40t hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 0-80t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111o l\u1ef1c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u1ea3i \u0111o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

4. Kho\u1ea3ng \u0110o (ranging an intrument hay Capacity):<\/strong><\/h5>\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ea9n \u0111o l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong d\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 0-10t \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ra hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 0-10t (0.25mV\/V). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp : 0 =0mV\/V, 10t = 0.25mV\/V. D\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ZERO v\u00e0 SPAN:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ZERO v\u00e0 SPAN th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o analog v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o th\u00f4ng minh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3 2 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ZERO v\u00e0 SPAN, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea3i \u0111o n\u00e0o trong d\u1ea3i \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o analog, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ZERO, SPAN c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh SPAN g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec3m ZERO c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ZERO v\u00e0 SPAN kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, l\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ZERO v\u00e0 SPAN.<\/p>\n

6. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hay l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

7. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

(a) Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n (\u0110o l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ) v\u00e0 b\u1ed3n h\u01a1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 RTDs, C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t..<\/p>\n

(b) T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/a>. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Bao g\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb 1 b\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. B\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

(c) B\u1ed9 kh\u00ed n\u00e9n chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eabu cung c\u1ea5p 1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

8. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, x\u00f3a. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch theo th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

9. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

(a) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(b) ng\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(c) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

(d) t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(e) ng\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n

<\/i>\u00a0D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a 1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (\u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (05,25%,50%,75%,100%) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

<\/i>\u00a0D\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau khi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau khi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a 1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (\u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (0%,25%,50%,75%,100%) sau khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\n 4.8\/5 - (137 votes) <\/div>\n <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Vietnamese. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. A \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":186,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[93,92],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=540"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}