{"id":219,"date":"2018-07-30T13:47:19","date_gmt":"2018-07-30T06:47:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/3b\/hieuchuan3d\/?p=219"},"modified":"2018-08-03T17:35:52","modified_gmt":"2018-08-03T10:35:52","slug":"sai-so-trong-do-luong-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/sai-so-trong-do-luong-3\/","title":{"rendered":"(Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) Sai s\u1ed1 trong \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-vi\" title=\"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\">Vietnamese<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p><p><b>Sai s\u1ed1<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a0<a title=\"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng\" href=\"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/\">\u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" href=\"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/\">\u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y, v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Ta k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2206<sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0<i>X<\/i>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<i>L<\/i><sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li><i>V<\/i><sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0<i>x<\/i>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<i>L<\/i><sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>X<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li><i>x<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t (tr\u1ecb x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t)<\/li>\n<li><i>L<\/i><sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u1ecb \u0111o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9\u00a0<i>i<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u2206<sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>V<\/i><sub><i>i<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111o.<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\">\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"vi\">\n<h2>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctoggle\">\u00a0[<a class=\"togglelink\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\u1ea9n<\/a>]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hieuchuan3d.com\/\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Nguy.C3.AAn_nh.C3.A2n\"><\/span><span id=\"Nguy\u00ean_nh\u00e2n\" class=\"mw-headline\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean sai s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, thi\u1ebfu tinh vi<\/li>\n<li>Do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tay ngh\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li>Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Ph.C3.A2n_lo.E1.BA.A1i\"><\/span><span id=\"Ph\u00e2n_lo\u1ea1i\" class=\"mw-headline\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Theo quy lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a sai s\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia sai s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Sai_s.E1.BB.91_h.E1.BB.87_th.E1.BB.91ng\"><\/span><span id=\"Sai_s\u1ed1_h\u1ec7_th\u1ed1ng\" class=\"mw-headline\">Sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc 20m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 20,001m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n k\u00e9o th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 1mm, sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: Sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra sai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00f4i khi do t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o. Sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Sai_s.E1.BB.91_ng.E1.BA.ABu_nhi.C3.AAn\"><\/span><span id=\"Sai_s\u1ed1_ng\u1eabu_nhi\u00ean\" class=\"mw-headline\">Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch chia nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 1mm, th\u00ec sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1\u00a0mm l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, khi th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kia, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ta kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sau. Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng theo quy lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung: Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng: Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00e9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb: Khi s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111o ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng,th\u00ec s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sai s\u1ed1 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/c4c3bb9930883f8c39fed542322871bc99d6a7fc\" alt=\"{\\displaystyle \\lim _{n\\rightarrow \\infty }{\\frac {\\sum _{i=1}^{n}\\Delta _{i}}{n}}=0\\,}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;219&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;35&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.9&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.9\\\/5 - (35 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;135.2&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 135.2px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.9\/5 - (35 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Vietnamese. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Sai s\u1ed1\u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=219"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":281,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions\/281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/backup.hieuchuan3d.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}